https://atrc.net.pk/dokuwiki/ 2026-05-03T17:58:31+00:00 https://atrc.net.pk/dokuwiki/ https://atrc.net.pk/dokuwiki/lib/tpl/dokuwiki/images/favicon.ico text/html 2024-04-07T00:26:00+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://atrc.net.pk/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=products:ict:communications:courses:network_topologies:ethernet_and_ieee_802_standards&rev=1712449560&do=diff Ethernet and IEEE 802 standards are essential for defining the protocols and technologies used in local area networks (LANs) and other network communication systems. Here's an overview of Ethernet and some key IEEE 802 standards: ### Ethernet: Ethernet is a widely used networking technology for LANs. It was developed in the 1970s by Xerox Corporation and later standardized by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Ethernet operates at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the … text/html 2024-03-23T20:46:00+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://atrc.net.pk/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=products:ict:communications:courses:network_topologies:logical_vs_physical_network_topologies&rev=1711226760&do=diff Logical and physical network topologies are two different ways of conceptualizing and representing how devices are interconnected within a network. Physical Topology: - Physical topology refers to the actual physical layout of devices and cables in a network. - It describes the tangible, physical connections between devices, such as the arrangement of cables, switches, routers, and other hardware components. - Physical topology is concerned with how devices are physically connected to each othe… text/html 2024-03-23T22:23:00+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://atrc.net.pk/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=products:ict:communications:courses:network_topologies:network_architecture_design_principles&rev=1711232580&do=diff Network architecture design principles Network architecture design principles guide the planning, implementation, and management of computer networks to ensure they meet the organization's requirements for performance, reliability, scalability, and security. Here are some key principles to consider when designing network architectures: text/html 2024-03-23T22:21:00+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://atrc.net.pk/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=products:ict:communications:courses:network_topologies:network_topologies_in_general&rev=1711232460&do=diff Network topologies in general. Network topology refers to the layout pattern of interconnected devices or nodes in a computer network. It defines how different devices are connected to each other and how data flows through the network. There are several types of network topologies, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Here are some common ones: text/html 2024-03-23T22:17:00+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://atrc.net.pk/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=products:ict:communications:courses:network_topologies:simple_hub_or_standalone_hub&rev=1711232220&do=diff A simple bub or stand alone hub. A stand along hub as contrasted to a switch broadcasts all packets to all ports. Acting like a bus network. A standalone hub is a box-like device with several ports, typically fewer than 12. These hubs can be connected to other standalone hubs either by linking them together with coaxial cable or by cascading them using twisted pair cables between ports on each hub1. Unlike routers or switches, which have more advanced features, standalone hubs primarily serve…