Table of Contents

Linux Beginning User

Getting a techie to buy and install the system for you.

Turning on the computer.

Logging in.

The desktop

Starting Linux

What is Linux?

Linux is a free Unix-type operating system originally created by Linus Torvalds with the assistance of developers around the world.Linux is an independent POSIX implementation and includes true multitasking,virtual memory, shared libraries, demand loading, proper memory management, TCP/IP networking, and other features consistent with Unix-type systems.

Developed under the GNU General Public License,the source code for Linux is freely available to everyone.

Linux Basics and System Startup

Graphical Interface

System Configuration from the Graphical Interface

Common Applications

Command Line Operations

Finding Linux Documentation

Processes

File Operations

Text Editors

User Environment

Manipulating Text

Network Operations

The Bash Shell and Basic Scripting

Printing

Detecting a printer automatically.

LPR

CUPS

What is GNU and FOSS

Local Security Principles

What is Virtual Box?

Oracle Virtual Box Installation

Creating Virtual Machine

Linux Distributions

Linux CentOS7 Installation (Recommended)

Linux CentOS8 Installation (Optional)

Download and Install Putty

Connect Linux VM through Putty

Changing Password

Introduction to File System and Structure

File System Navigation Commands

Directory Listing Overview

Creating Files and Directories

Redirection operators

Pipes

File Permissions

File Ownership Commands

Adding Text to Files

Help Commands

File Maintenance Commands (cp, rm, mv, mkdir, rmdir)

File Display Commands (cat, less, more, head, tail, vi)

Filters / Text Processing Commands

Finding System Information

Linux File Editor (vi)

User Account Management

Switch Users and Sudo Access (su, sudo)

System Utility Commands

Processes and Schedules

System Maintenance Commands

System Monitoring Commands

Shell Scripting

Basic Shell Scripts

History Command (history)

Enabling Internet in Linux VM

Network Files and Commands

System Updates and Repositories (rpm and yum)

ATRC offers three different types of LINUX Courses:-

1_LINUX Introduction & Usage:

The contents of the course are as follows:

Introduction and History. XWindows. Applixware for Office. Netscape Communicator. IRC.

Course Duration: 10 Hour's. Course Fee: Rs.1,000/=

2_LINUX Administrxation:

The contents of the course are as follows:

Introduction and History. XWindows Setup. Dial-up Networking. Ethernet Networking. TCP/IP. Windows Networking(SMB). Send Mail(Mail Server). Appachi Web Server. Applixware for Office. DNS Server. NFS File System. Soundcard Configuration.

Course Duration: 40 Hour's. Course Fee: Rs.5,000/=

3_LINUX Hardware Support:

The contents of the course are as follows:

Introduction and History. Detailed XWindows Setup. Dial-up Networking. Ethernet Networking. Sondcard Installation. Modem Installation. Hardware Compatibility Issues.

Practical PGP: What you need to know to use PGP effectively

This introductory tutorial is aimed at people who have never used PGP or GPG before. It will cover creating a key, what a key really is, signing documents, signing keys, interacting with keyservers, key management, the Web Of Trust and more. It may even cover encrypting stuff. This tutorial will be `hands-on' with many practical exercises. It will not cover the mathematical basis for public-key cryptography nor any in-depth discussion of the arcana, though pointers will be provided for those interested in learning more.

The tutorial will be followed by a key signing party at our next OCLUG monthly meeting, on Tuesday May 6th. Our goal is to get more OCLUG members, and the general public, to start signing and encrypting their email.

Some links to get you started:

GNU Privacy Guard http://www.gnupg.org/

Gnu Privacy Guard (GnuPG) Mini Howto http://webber.dewinter.com/gnupg_howto/english/GPGMiniHowto.html

- Linux commands, part II - SSH (port forwarding, etc.) - Shell scripting - System administration - Clusters (beowulf, numa, etc) - expect - make - cvs - autoconf - X Windows, xdm - KDE - GNOME - Comparison of Linux distros - Kernel modules - Making RPM and/or Deb packages - Programming tutorials - Working with XML and XSLT. - Working with DocBook XML - Tomcat/Jakarta

Linux Course

The Training Company Courses Terms and Facilities

Linux System Administration


Distributions

Unix and Linux differnces

GPL Licencing

Linux Directory Structure

Basic Commands

Commands list for Assignment

Shell Programming

User Accounts and File Permissions

Internet Services and Process Management?

Installing Softwares and Networking

PostgreSQL Database?

Cron Scheduling and DNS Servers?

Detailed Installation and Trouble Shooting

References : Rute Book http://rute.2038bug.com/index.html.gz The Linux Documentation Project http://tldp.org/

System Startup and Shutdown

This module explains how to manage startup and shutdown processes in Linux.

Understanding the Boot Sequence

An introduction to the Linux boot and startup processes

6 Stages of Linux Boot Process (Startup Sequence)

The Linux Booting Process - 6 Steps Described in Detail

Linux Booting Process: A step by step tutorial for understanding Linux boot sequence

The Grand Unified Boot Loader

GNU GRUB

GRUB (GRand Unified Bootloader)

GRUB: The Grand Unified Bootloader

GRUB: The Grand Unified Boot Loader

GRUB, GNU GRand Unified Boot Loader

x86: Administering the GRand Unified Bootloader (Tasks)

coreos / grub

GRUB: GRand Unified Bootloader

GRUB Configuration Files

System Configuration Files in /etc

3.7. /etc : Host-specific system configuration

3.2.4. The most important configuration files

1.6. /etc

3.3. The /etc directory

Understanding Linux configuration files

8.3. System Configuration via /etc/sysconfig

Guide to linux configuration files

The init Process

Chapter 13. Booting and Configuring a Linux System / 13.2. The init Process

Init process on UNIX and Linux systems

What is the init process?

SysVinit Startup

SysVinit

LFCS: Managing System Startup Process and Services (SysVinit, Systemd and Upstart) – Part 7

sysvinit

chkconfig and service

How to enable or disable service on boot with chkconfig

Upstart

Upstart is an event-based replacement for the /sbin/init daemon which handles starting of tasks and services during boot, stopping them during shutdown and supervising them while the system is running.

systemd

systemd System and Service Manager

Shutting down/Rebooting the System

Shutting Down/Rebooting the System

Practicals

Boot into non-graphical mode using GRUB

Add a new startup service with System V

Add a new startup services with system

Run Shutdown vs. Halt vs. Reboot

Linux Filetree System Layout

This module explains how the Linux Filesystem is organized and points out the key directories and their roles.

Data Distinctions

Chapter 2. The Filesystem

FHS Linux Standard Directory Tree

Filesystem Hierarchy Standard

root (/) directory

/bin

/dev

/etc

/home

/lib and /lib64

/media

/mnt

/opt

/proc

/sys

/root

/sbin

/tmp

/usr

/var

/run

Practicals

Change size of the default directories

Touring the /proc Filesystem

Kernel Services and Configuration

This module explains how the Linux Kernel is configured, how the modules and utilities work, the function of sysctl and udev and Device Management.

Kernel Overview

Kernel Configuration

sysctl

Kernel Modules

Module Utilities

Module Configuration

udev and Device Management

Practicals

Manipulating system tunables with sysctl.

Changing the maximum process ID.

Working with Kernel modules.

Working with udev

Partitioning and Formatting Disks

This module explains how to work with disks in Linux by naming, partitioning and sizing them.

Common Disk Types

Disk Geometry

Partitioning

Naming Disk Devices

Sizing up partitions

Partition table editors

Practicals

Using a file as a disk partition image

Partioning a Disk Image file

Using losetup and parted

Partitioning a real hard disk

Linux Filesystems

This module explains how to work with Linux Filesystems, starting with the understanding that Linux treats everything as a file. IT covers Virtual filesystem (VFS), Filesystem Usage and Attributes, Major types (ext4, XFS, btrfs) and how to create, format, mount, swap and repair Filesystems.

Some Notes About Filesystems

Virtual Filesystem (VFS)

Filesystem Concepts

Disk and Filesystem Usage

Extended Attributes

ext4

XFS

Chapter 3. The XFS File System

btrfs

Creating and formatting filesystems

Checking and Repairing Filesystems

Mounting filesystems

Swap

Filesystem Quotas

Lab : Chapter Labs

Defragmenting a system.

Modifying Filesystem parameters using tune2fs.

Working with file attributes.

Mounting options.

Managing swap space.

Filesystem quotas.

Working with XFS

Working with btrfs

RAID and LVM

This module explains how to work with RAID and Logical Volume Management (LVM).

RAID

RAID Levels

Software RAID Configuration

Logical Volume Management (LVM)

Volumes and Volume Groups

Working with Logical Volumes

Resizing Logical Volumes

LVM Snapshots

LVM Snapshots Information

How to Take ‘Snapshot of Logical Volume and Restore’ in LVM – Part III

13.4. Taking a Backup Using Snapshots

Lab : Chapter Labs

Creating a RAID device

Creating Logical Volumes

Processes

This module explains how to work with Linux processes. It begins with an overview of what processes are and how they work before procreding to illustrate how to create, monitor, prioritize and limit processes.

Programs and Processes

Process States

Execution Modes

Daemons

Creating Processes

Process Limits

Process Monitoring

Signals

niceness

Libraries

Practicals

Controlling processes with ulimit

Using ps and top

Monitoring process states

Examining signal priorities and execution

Package Management Systems

This module explains how to work with the major package management systems used in Linux distributions. Covers both RPM and DKPG as well as the use of version control systems such as git.

Software Packaging Concepts

RPM (Red Hat Package Manager)

DPKG (Debian Package)

Revision Control Systems

Lab : Chapter Labs

Using RPM

Rebuilding the RPM database

Using DKPG

Version control with git

Package Installers

This module explains how to use the major package installers, including yum, zypper and APT. It also explains the role that package installers play in automating software management and dealing with dependencies.

Package Installers

yum

zypper

Portal:Zypper

Zypper Cheat Sheet

20 Zypper Command Examples to Manage Packages on SUSE Linux

45 Zypper Commands to Manage ‘Suse’ Linux Package Management

APT

Lab : Chapter Labs

Basic yum commands

Using yum to find information about a package

Managing groups of packages with yum

Adding a new yum repository

Basic zypper commands

Using zypper to find information about a package

Basic APT commands

Using APT to find information about a package

Managing groups of packages using APT

User and Group Account Management

This module explains how to work with users and groups in Linux. It also covers how to work with passwords, restricted shells, the root account, Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM), LDAP and SSH.

User Accounts

Management

Passwords

Restricted Shells and Accounts

How to use Restricted Shell to limit user access to a Linux system

Of Headless User Accounts and Restricted Shells

6.10 The Restricted Shell

The root Account

Group Management

PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules)

Authentication Process

Configuring PAM

LDAP Authentication

File Permissions and Ownership

SSH

Lab : Chapter Labs

Working with user accounts

Working with groups

Configuring PAM

Using chmod

Backup and Recovery Methods

This module explains how to backup data in Linux. It covers the tools that are used for backup and compression as well as for moving and copying files and also for restoring files.

Backup Basics

cpio

tar

Compression: gzip, bzip2 and xz and Backups

dd

rsync

dump and restore

mt

Backup Programs

Lab : Chapter Labs

Using tar for backup

Using cpio for backup

Using rsync for backup

Networking

This module explains how to conduct basic networking in Linux. It covers IP addresses, Hostnames, Network Interfaces, Routing and Name Resolution.

IP Addresses

Hostnames

Configuring Network Interfaces

Routing

Name Resolution

Network Diagnostics

Lab : Chapter Labs

Static configuration of a network interface

Adding a static hostname

Adding a network interface alias

Firewalls

This module explains how to work with firewalls in Linux. It covers both command line tools and GUI tools as well as firewalld. Zones and source management are discussed, as is service and port management.

Firewalls

Interfaces

firewalld

Zones

Source Management

Service and Port Management

Lab : Chapter Labs

Installing firewalld

Examining firewall-cmd

Adding services to a zone

Using the firewall GUI

Local System Security

This module explains how to secure systems against both internal and external threats. It covers how to identify risks and provides guidance on how to decide what protection is appropriate. Finally, it covers the basic types of security available (physical, filesystem, and security modules e.g. SELinux).

Local System Security

Creating a Security Policy

Updates and Security

Physical Security

Filesystem Security

Linux Security Modules

Lab : Chapter Labs

Using SELinux

Security and mount options

Using umask

Usint setuid and scripts

Basic Troubleshoot and System Rescue

This module explains how to conduct troubleshooting in Linux as well as likely sources of issues. It covers basic concepts in system rescue and recovery and how to identify corrupted filesystems.

Troubleshooting Overview

Things to Check: Networking

Boot Process Failures

Filesystem Corruption and Recovery

Virtual Consoles

Rescue Media and Troubleshooting

System Rescue and Recovery

Lab : Chapter Labs

Preparing to use Rescue/Recover media

Recovering from a corrupted GRUB configuration

Recovering from a password failure

Recovering from partition table corruption

Recovering using the install image

Course Summary

For users of Linux (or UNIX) who want to start building skills in systems administration on Enterprise Linux, to a level where they can attach and configure a workstation on an existing network. This 5 Day course provides intensive hands-on training on the Latest Linux and includes the RH202 RHCT Certification Lab Exam on the last day. Those who are interested in taking the RH133 course, but who are not interested in RHCT certification or who feel they must defer the RHCT Exam to a later date may wish to consider RH131.

Course updated for building skills on the following distributions :

Mandriva 2006

Mandrake 10.1

Mandrake 10.2

Mandriva Limited Edition 2005

White Box Enterprise Linux 3

White Box Enterprise Linux 4

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4

Fedora Core 2

Red Hat 9.0

Mandrake Move

Knoppix

Suse Live RH133 Linux System Administration and RHCT Description Goal:

A Linux system administrator who has proved competency by passing the RHCT Exam, a realistic performance-based lab exam that tests his/her actual ability to install, configure, and attach a new Linux system to an existing production network. Audience:

Linux or UNIX users, who understand the basics of Linux, that desire further technical training to begin the process of becoming a system administrator. Prerequisites:

ATRC RH033 Linux Essentials + or equivalent experience with Linux. Duration:

40 hours Class Times:

15:00 - 17:00 Monday to Friday

20 Classes of 2 Hours each. 4 Weeks. Course Fees : Rs 15,000 per participant. Prepares for:

RH253 Linux Networking and Security Administration and

RHD143 Red Hat Linux Programming Essentials

What you will learn:

RH133 Course Content

The following is an outline of the skills and knowledge represented in the training elements.

This outline, together with the prerequisites listing, can serve as a study outline for those planning to attend the RH133 course and take the RHCT Certification Lab Exam. It is highly recommended that all prospective RHCT participants review these outlines in preparation for the course and exam.

Note: Technical content subject to change without notice. Significant changes in course content will generally be available in outlines prior to being implemented in scheduled courses, to allow enrolled students adequate prep time. Please contact ATRC for updated course outlines. Unit 1: Hardware, Device Configuration, and Installation

  Hardware Compatibility and Resources
  CPU and Memory Support
  Filesystem Device Nodes
  System and Hot swappable Bus Support
  Laptops
  Block Devices and Filesystem Schemes
  Installer Features
  Linux Installation
  Partitioning Hard Drives
  Configuring Software RAID at Installation
  Configuring Flexible Filesystems with LVM
  Network Configuration and Firewall Setup
  Package Selection
  Validating the Installation
  Serial Console Installation
  Noprobe Mode
  Driver Disks
  Post-Install Configuration
  Hands-on Lab: Installing Linux

Unit 2: Filesystem Management

  Creating and Managing Partitions
  Filesystem Basics and Attributes
  Filesystem Creation
  Ext3: Journaling for Ext2 Filesystems
  The Filesystem Hierarchy
  Mount options and configuration
  Connecting to Network Resources with NFS and SMB/CIFS
  Unmounting Filesystems
  The Auto-Mounter
  Swap partitions
  Filesystem Maintenance
  Determining Filesystem Usage
  Adding a Drive
  Hands-on Lab: Creating a New Filesystem, Using autofs and Adding Swap

Unit 3: System Initialization and Services

  The Boot Sequence
  BIOS Initialization
  The Boot Loader
  Kernel Initialization
  init Initialization
  Run levels
  Daemon Processes
  The rc.sysinit Script
  System V run levels
  The rc.local Script
  Virtual Consoles
  System Shutdown and Reboot
  Controlling Services
  Hands-on Lab: Managing Startup

Unit 4: User Administration

  User Policy Considerations
  The User Account Database
  Adding a New User Account
  Modifying/Deleting Accounts
  Password Aging Policies
  Authentication Configuration
  NIS Configuration
  Group Administration
  Switching Accounts
  File Ownership
  Linux File Permission
  SUID / SGID Executables
  The Sticky Bit and Setgid Access Mode
  Default File Permissions
  User Private Groups
  Filesystem Quota Setup and Administration
  Hands-on Lab: User and Group Administration, Creating Quotas, Joining a NIS Domain and Automounting home directories

Unit 5: Network Configuration

  Network Device Recognition
  Network Interfaces
  Address Resolution Protocol
  Bringing Network Interfaces Up and Down
  Interface Configuration Files
  Configuration Utilities
  Multiple NICs
  Binding Multiple IP Addresses
  DHCP/BOOTP
  Allowing User Control of Network Interfaces
  Basic IP Routes
  System Default Route
  IP Forwarding
  Global Network Parameters
  Name Resolution
  DNS Client Configuration
  DNS and Network Diagnostics and Troubleshooting
  Hands-on Lab: Static Network Settings

Unit 6: System Administration Tools

  Using the Alternatives System
  The Print System User Interface
  CUPS Printing System Configuration
  CUPS Queue Management
  Task Automation With at and cron
  Controlling Access to Task Automation
  crontab format
  System crontab Files
  Using tmpwatch
  Configuring, Maintaining and Monitoring System Logs
  Managing the whatis Database
  System Monitoring and Process Control
  Tape Backups
  Archiving with tar, dump/restore, and cpio
  Remote Backups
  Hands-on Lab: System Administration Tools

Unit 7: RPM, Boot Loaders, and Kickstart

  Introduction to the RPM Package Manager
  Installing and Removing Software with RPM
  Installing Kernel Errata
  RPM Queries and Verification
  RPM Utilities and Features
  Network in the Enterprise
  Network Registration
  The up2date utility
  Remote Administration
  Boot Loader Components
  GRUB and grub.conf
  Starting the Boot Process
  Multiboot Systems
  Configuring a Enterprise Linux Network Installation Server
  Using Kickstart to Automate Installation
  The Kickstart Configuration File
  Hands-on Lab: Using Kickstart, RPM, Installing Kernel Errata, Booting Into a Maintenance Runlevel

Unit 8: Kernel Services and Configuration

  Kernel Modules and Their Configuration
  The /proc filesystem
  /proc/sys configuration with sysctl
  Software RAID Configuration and Recovery
  Flexible Filesystems with LVM
  Using LVM to Create Snapshot Logical Volumes
  Hands-on Lab: RAID Creation, LVM Creation

Unit 9: The X Window System

  The X Protocol
  X Security
  xauth with ssh
  X Modularity
  X Extensibility
  Window Managers
  Display Managers
  XFree86 Startup
  X Server Configuration
  The X Font Server
  Hands-on Lab: The X Window System

Unit 10: Troubleshooting

  Basic Troubleshooting Guidelines
  Troubleshooting X
  Troubleshooting Services
  Troubleshooting Networking
  Troubleshooting Boot Problems
  Filesystem Corruption and Recovery
  Recovery Run-levels
  Boot Floppies
  Rescue Environment Utilities
  Rescue Environment Details
  Hands-on Lab: System Rescue and Troubleshooting

What is Linux?

what_is_linux.

What is Virtual Box?

virtual_box

Oracle Virtual Box Installation

Creating Virtual Machine

Linux Distributions

Linux CentOS7 Installation (Recommended)

Linux CentOS8 Installation (Optional)

Download and Install Putty

Connect Linux VM through Putty

Changing Password

Introduction to File System and Structure

File System Navigation Commands

Directory Listing Overview

Creating Files and Directories

Pipes

File Permissions

File Ownership Commands

Adding Text to Files

Help Commands

File Maintenance Commands (cp, rm, mv, mkdir, rmdir)

File Display Commands (cat, less, more, head, tail, vi)

Filters / Text Processing Commands

Finding System Information

Linux File Editor (vi)

User Account Management

Switch Users and Sudo Access (su, sudo)

System Utility Commands

Processes and Schedules

System Maintenance Commands

System Monitoring Commands

Shell Scripting

Basic Shell Scripts

History Command (history)

Enabling Internet in Linux VM

Network Files and Commands

System Updates and Repositories (rpm and yum)

Linux is a free Unix-type operating system originally created by Linus Torvalds with the assistance of developers around the world.Linux is an independent POSIX implementation and includes true multitasking,virtual memory, shared libraries, demand loading, proper memory management, TCP/IP networking, and other features consistent with Unix-type systems.

Developed under the GNU General Public License,the source code for Linux is freely available to everyone.

ATRC offers three different types of LINUX Courses:-

1_LINUX Introduction & Usage:

The contents of the course are as follows:

Introduction and History. XWindows. Applixware for Office. Netscape Communicator. IRC.

Course Duration: 10 Hour's. Course Fee: Rs.1,000/=

2_LINUX Administrxation:

The contents of the course are as follows:

Introduction and History. XWindows Setup. Dial-up Networking. Ethernet Networking. TCP/IP. Windows Networking(SMB). Send Mail(Mail Server). Appachi Web Server. Applixware for Office. DNS Server. NFS File System. Soundcard Configuration.

Course Duration: 40 Hour's. Course Fee: Rs.5,000/=

3_LINUX Hardware Support:

The contents of the course are as follows:

Introduction and History. Detailed XWindows Setup. Dial-up Networking. Ethernet Networking. Sondcard Installation. Modem Installation. Hardware Compatibility Issues.

Course Duration: 10 Hour's. Course Fee: Rs.1,000/=

Home

Linux Course

The Training Company Courses Terms and Facilities

Linux System Administration


Currently the courses are offered on an hourly basis.

Students can email in the list of topics they wish to study along with the number of hours they wish to spend on each topic.

The charges for all Linux courses are Rs 100 per hour per student.

Send list of topics and hours.

Home

Distributions

Unix and Linux differnces

GPL Licencing

Linux Directory Structure

Basic Commands

Commands list for Assignment

Shell Programming

User Accounts and File Permissions

Internet Services and Process Management?

Installing Softwares and Networking

PostgreSQL Database?

Cron Scheduling and DNS Servers?

Detailed Installation and Trouble Shooting

References : Rute Book http://rute.2038bug.com/index.html.gz The Linux Documentation Project http://tldp.org/

System Startup and Shutdown

This module explains how to manage startup and shutdown processes in Linux.

Understanding the Boot Sequence

An introduction to the Linux boot and startup processes

6 Stages of Linux Boot Process (Startup Sequence)

The Linux Booting Process - 6 Steps Described in Detail

Linux Booting Process: A step by step tutorial for understanding Linux boot sequence

The Grand Unified Boot Loader

GNU GRUB

GRUB (GRand Unified Bootloader)

GRUB: The Grand Unified Bootloader

GRUB: The Grand Unified Boot Loader

GRUB, GNU GRand Unified Boot Loader

x86: Administering the GRand Unified Bootloader (Tasks)

coreos / grub

GRUB: GRand Unified Bootloader

GRUB Configuration Files

System Configuration Files in /etc

3.7. /etc : Host-specific system configuration

3.2.4. The most important configuration files

1.6. /etc

3.3. The /etc directory

Understanding Linux configuration files

8.3. System Configuration via /etc/sysconfig

Guide to linux configuration files

The init Process

Chapter 13. Booting and Configuring a Linux System / 13.2. The init Process

Init process on UNIX and Linux systems

What is the init process?

SysVinit Startup

SysVinit

LFCS: Managing System Startup Process and Services (SysVinit, Systemd and Upstart) – Part 7

sysvinit

chkconfig and service

How to enable or disable service on boot with chkconfig

Upstart

Upstart is an event-based replacement for the /sbin/init daemon which handles starting of tasks and services during boot, stopping them during shutdown and supervising them while the system is running.

systemd

systemd System and Service Manager

Shutting down/Rebooting the System

Shutting Down/Rebooting the System

Practicals

Boot into non-graphical mode using GRUB

Add a new startup service with System V

Add a new startup services with system

Run Shutdown vs. Halt vs. Reboot

Linux Filetree System Layout

This module explains how the Linux Filesystem is organized and points out the key directories and their roles.

Data Distinctions

Chapter 2. The Filesystem

FHS Linux Standard Directory Tree

Filesystem Hierarchy Standard

root (/) directory

/bin

/dev

/etc

/home

/lib and /lib64

/media

/mnt

/opt

/proc

/sys

/root

/sbin

/tmp

/usr

/var

/run

Practicals

Change size of the default directories

Touring the /proc Filesystem

Kernel Services and Configuration

This module explains how the Linux Kernel is configured, how the modules and utilities work, the function of sysctl and udev and Device Management.

Kernel Overview

Kernel Configuration

sysctl

Kernel Modules

Module Utilities

Module Configuration

udev and Device Management

Practicals

Manipulating system tunables with sysctl.

Changing the maximum process ID.

Working with Kernel modules.

Working with udev

Partitioning and Formatting Disks

This module explains how to work with disks in Linux by naming, partitioning and sizing them.

Common Disk Types

Disk Geometry

Partitioning

Naming Disk Devices

Sizing up partitions

Partition table editors

Practicals

Using a file as a disk partition image

Partioning a Disk Image file

Using losetup and parted

Partitioning a real hard disk

Linux Filesystems

This module explains how to work with Linux Filesystems, starting with the understanding that Linux treats everything as a file. IT covers Virtual filesystem (VFS), Filesystem Usage and Attributes, Major types (ext4, XFS, btrfs) and how to create, format, mount, swap and repair Filesystems.

Some Notes About Filesystems

Virtual Filesystem (VFS)

Filesystem Concepts

Disk and Filesystem Usage

Extended Attributes

ext4

XFS

Chapter 3. The XFS File System

btrfs

Creating and formatting filesystems

Checking and Repairing Filesystems

Mounting filesystems

Swap

Filesystem Quotas

Lab : Chapter Labs

Defragmenting a system.

Modifying Filesystem parameters using tune2fs.

Working with file attributes.

Mounting options.

Managing swap space.

Filesystem quotas.

Working with XFS

Working with btrfs

RAID and LVM

This module explains how to work with RAID and Logical Volume Management (LVM).

RAID

RAID Levels

Software RAID Configuration

Logical Volume Management (LVM)

Volumes and Volume Groups

Working with Logical Volumes

Resizing Logical Volumes

LVM Snapshots

LVM Snapshots Information

How to Take ‘Snapshot of Logical Volume and Restore’ in LVM – Part III

13.4. Taking a Backup Using Snapshots

Lab : Chapter Labs

Creating a RAID device

Creating Logical Volumes

Processes

This module explains how to work with Linux processes. It begins with an overview of what processes are and how they work before procreding to illustrate how to create, monitor, prioritize and limit processes.

Programs and Processes

Process States

Execution Modes

Daemons

Creating Processes

Process Limits

Process Monitoring

Signals

niceness

Libraries

Practicals

Controlling processes with ulimit

Using ps and top

Monitoring process states

Examining signal priorities and execution

Package Management Systems

This module explains how to work with the major package management systems used in Linux distributions. Covers both RPM and DKPG as well as the use of version control systems such as git.

Software Packaging Concepts

RPM (Red Hat Package Manager)

DPKG (Debian Package)

Revision Control Systems

Lab : Chapter Labs

Using RPM

Rebuilding the RPM database

Using DKPG

Version control with git

Package Installers

This module explains how to use the major package installers, including yum, zypper and APT. It also explains the role that package installers play in automating software management and dealing with dependencies.

Package Installers

yum

zypper

Portal:Zypper

Zypper Cheat Sheet

20 Zypper Command Examples to Manage Packages on SUSE Linux

45 Zypper Commands to Manage ‘Suse’ Linux Package Management

APT

Lab : Chapter Labs

Basic yum commands

Using yum to find information about a package

Managing groups of packages with yum

Adding a new yum repository

Basic zypper commands

Using zypper to find information about a package

Basic APT commands

Using APT to find information about a package

Managing groups of packages using APT

User and Group Account Management

This module explains how to work with users and groups in Linux. It also covers how to work with passwords, restricted shells, the root account, Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM), LDAP and SSH.

User Accounts

Management

Passwords

Restricted Shells and Accounts

How to use Restricted Shell to limit user access to a Linux system

Of Headless User Accounts and Restricted Shells

6.10 The Restricted Shell

The root Account

Group Management

PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules)

Authentication Process

Configuring PAM

LDAP Authentication

File Permissions and Ownership

SSH

Lab : Chapter Labs

Working with user accounts

Working with groups

Configuring PAM

Using chmod

Backup and Recovery Methods

This module explains how to backup data in Linux. It covers the tools that are used for backup and compression as well as for moving and copying files and also for restoring files.

Backup Basics

cpio

tar

Compression: gzip, bzip2 and xz and Backups

dd

rsync

dump and restore

mt

Backup Programs

Lab : Chapter Labs

Using tar for backup

Using cpio for backup

Using rsync for backup

Networking

This module explains how to conduct basic networking in Linux. It covers IP addresses, Hostnames, Network Interfaces, Routing and Name Resolution.

IP Addresses

Hostnames

Configuring Network Interfaces

Routing

Name Resolution

Network Diagnostics

Lab : Chapter Labs

Static configuration of a network interface

Adding a static hostname

Adding a network interface alias

Firewalls

This module explains how to work with firewalls in Linux. It covers both command line tools and GUI tools as well as firewalld. Zones and source management are discussed, as is service and port management.

Firewalls

Interfaces

firewalld

Zones

Source Management

Service and Port Management

Lab : Chapter Labs

Installing firewalld

Examining firewall-cmd

Adding services to a zone

Using the firewall GUI

Local System Security

This module explains how to secure systems against both internal and external threats. It covers how to identify risks and provides guidance on how to decide what protection is appropriate. Finally, it covers the basic types of security available (physical, filesystem, and security modules e.g. SELinux).

Local System Security

Creating a Security Policy

Updates and Security

Physical Security

Filesystem Security

Linux Security Modules

Lab : Chapter Labs

Using SELinux

Security and mount options

Using umask

Usint setuid and scripts

Basic Troubleshoot and System Rescue

This module explains how to conduct troubleshooting in Linux as well as likely sources of issues. It covers basic concepts in system rescue and recovery and how to identify corrupted filesystems.

Troubleshooting Overview

Things to Check: Networking

Boot Process Failures

Filesystem Corruption and Recovery

Virtual Consoles

Rescue Media and Troubleshooting

System Rescue and Recovery

Lab : Chapter Labs

Preparing to use Rescue/Recover media

Recovering from a corrupted GRUB configuration

Recovering from a password failure

Recovering from partition table corruption

Recovering using the install image