Muftasoft TM

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[[https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/faa-wants-us-airlines-retrofit-replace-radio-altimeters-2022-05-03/|FAA wants U.S. airlines to retrofit, replace radio altimeters]]


[[https://www.rtca.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Slides-5G-Interference-Risk-to-Radar-Altimeters.pdf|Interference Risk to Radar Altimeters from 
Planned 5G Telecommunication Systems]]

[[https://www.faa.gov/other_visit/aviation_industry/airline_operators/airline_safety/safo/all_safos/media/2021/SAFO21007.pdf|Risk of Potential Adverse Effects on Radio Altimeters when Operating in the Presence of 5G C-
Band Interference. ]]

[[https://nbaa.org/aircraft-operations/communications-navigation-surveillance-cns/global-positioning-system-gps/gps-interference/faas-new-ads-highlight-concerns-over-5g-interference-to-radar-altimeters/|
FAA’s New ADs Highlight Concerns Over 5G Interference to Radar Altimeters
]]

[[https://www.faa.gov/newsroom/faa-statements-5g|FAA Statements on 5G ]]

[[https://www.faa.gov/newsroom/airports-5g-buffers|Airports with 5G Buffers ]]

[[https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/19_0307_CISA_EMP-Protection-Resilience-Guidelines.pdf|Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Protection 
and Resilience Guidelines for Critical 
Infrastructure and Equipment]]



[[https://www.alpa.org/resources/aircraft-operations-radar-altimeter-interference-5G|Aircraft Operations and Radar Altimeter Interference from 5G]]

[[https://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgSAIB.nsf/dc7bd4f27e5f107486257221005f069d/379cfb187d16db10862587b4005b26fc/$FILE/AIR-21-18R1.pdf|Risk of Potential Adverse Effects on Radio Altimeters]]

[[https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/2021-12/FRC_Document_AD-2021-01169-T-D.pdf|SUMMARY: The FAA is adopting a new airworthiness directive (AD) for all transport 
and commuter category airplanes equipped with a radio (also known as radar) altimeter. ]]




[[https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-10414295/FAA-tells-pilots-NOT-use-altimeters-landing-80-airports.html|Will Wednesday's 5G rollout close your airport? The 88 US airports that face 'catastrophic disruption' by new Verizon and AT&T networks that could interfere with planes' take-off and landing tech]]

[[https://www.5gtechnologyworld.com/5g-altimeter-interference-aviation-versus-telecoms/|5G altimeter interference: aviation versus telecoms]]

[[https://www.brecorder.com/news/40147985/us-airlines-warn-of-calamity-if-5g-deployed-near-airports|US airlines warn of 'calamity' if 5G deployed near airports]]

[[https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9289432|Interference Analysis for Compatibility between 5G system and Aeronautical Radio Altimeter]]

[[https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8569540|Demonstration of an Integrated 5G Network in an Aircraft Cabin Environment]]

[[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352146521008851|Electromagnetic interference hazards in flight and the 5G mobile phone: Review of critical issues in aviation security]]

[[https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8304031|5GHz ground-to-air communication link by AeroMACS in high-speed movement scenarios]]

[[https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transcom/advpub/0/advpub_2020FGP0001/_article/-char/ja/|Demonstration Experiment of a 5G Touchless Gate Utilizing Directional Beam and Mobile Edge Computing]]


Radio Altimeter Flight Restrictions 

When operating in U.S. airspace, the following operations requiring radio altimeter are prohibited in the presence of 5G C-Band wireless broadband interference as identified by NOTAM (NOTAMs will be issued to state the specific airports where the radio altimeter is unreliable due to the presence of 5G C-Band wireless broadband interference): 

    Instrument Landing System (ILS) Instrument Approach Procedures (IAP) SA CAT I, SA CAT II, CAT II, and CAT III 
    Required Navigation Performance (RNP) Procedures with Authorization Required (AR), RNP AR IAP 
    Automatic Landing operations 
    Manual Flight Control Guidance System operations to landing/head-up display (HUD) to touchdown operation 
    Use of Enhanced Flight Vision System (EFVS) to touchdown under 14 CFR 91.176(a)

 

    On December 23, 2021, the FAA issued Safety Alert for Operators 21007 (12): Describes some of the other aircraft systems that may be affected by C-Band 5G interference on radar altimeters and also contains examples of 5G interference NOTAMs.
    On January 4, 2022, the FAA published a list of 50 airports where mobile wireless will transmit at reduced power for a period of 6 months (until July 6, 2022).
    On January 13, 2022, the FAA issued NOTAMS for all airports and approaches that are restricted by the AD. ALPA has downloaded the full list (view Excel file), which was valid at the time it was downloaded, but pilots should check the latest NOTAMs before flight. 

Guidance and Limitations by Aircraft Manufacturers

It is further anticipated that, depending on the aircraft, aircraft manufactures may identify additional limitations on specific aircraft. If they do, the FAA may restrict the use of other aircraft systems with additional ADs. The limitations imposed by the ADs protect operations by preventing the most critical hazards from occurring in the case of radar altimeter interference.

    Airbus has issued Flight Operations Transmission 999.0002/22 (01/10/2022) which describes the currently understood effects of radar altimeter anomalies.  Guidance is provided for A320 family, A330, and A340 aircraft for handing these anomalies.  No effects are currently expected for A300/A310, A350, and A380 aircraft.
    FAA will be issuing Airworthiness Directive 2022-02-16 specific to the Boeing B787 which affects the MEL and operational procedures associated with Landing Systems and Landing Distance Calculations.  This AD will be published on Wednesday 1/19/2022 and will be effective upon publication. B787 crews should be receiving a bulletin which covers these Airplane Flight Manual changes.
    Boeing has issued a Multi-Operator Message (MOM) for Boeing B737 MAX models, outlining high-level pending operational procedures changes for thrust reversers and speedbrake deployment for takeoff and landing, as well as additional vigiliance around autopilot and autothrottle behavior.
    Embraer Flight Operations Letter 170-001/22 and Operational Bulletin 170-001/22 (01/02/2022): Describe the possible effects of C-Band 5G interference on its E170, E175, E190, and E195 aircraft. Note: The FAA has not yet issued ADs based on these bulletins.
    Additional restrictions or limitations will be listed here when they are published.

Alternate Methods of Compliance

The FAA has developed a process by which better performing radar altimeters that are able to reject 5G interference can be approved to operate without regard to the AD and NOTAMs. These Alternate Methods of Compliance (AMOC) approvals will be specific to a combination of aircraft model and radar altimeter model.

The method of approval will take into consideration the performance of the aircraft/radar altimeter combination, as well as the location and power of the 5G transmitter in the vicinity of the airport. Therefore, it is possible that AMOCs will be issued with a list of airports where they are effective.
Additional ALPA Recommendations

It is critical for pilots to be aware of and comply with any restrictions imposed via AD, AFM, and NOTAMs by the FAA and airline. The flight manual restrictions from the airworthiness directive coupled with NOTAMs that inform of the presence of 5G (C-Band) or restrictions of specific instrument procedures are important triggers, that pilots must carefully evaluate their aircraft’s ability to be safely operated and determine what additional contingencies must be considered.

During flight planning and advanced preparation, consider whether the weather forecast allows for the use of the available instrument approach procedures, should an alternate airport be required. Alternate airports may need to be selected that are further away from the intended destination and may impact fuel loading plans significantly.

Follow company guidance for operating in the 5G interference areas and actively pursue information from your air carrier when you have questions.

Pilots are also advised to:

    Always err on the side of caution.
    Reinforce to passengers that all phones must be in airplane mode.
    Know the equipage of the specific aircraft you will be flying, and any limitations.
        Remember that air traffic control (ATC) doesn’t know the capabilities or limitations of the aircraft you are operating.
        Inform ATC of your limitations as needed and be prepared to utilize “unable.”
    Read the AD and NOTAMs very carefully for your airports and alternates.
        The AD and NOTAMs will discuss very specific combinations of approaches and aircraft functions that are not authorized.
        In addition, the NOTAMs may change rapidly on a daily or weekly basis as further data is analyzed. It is imperative a thorough review of the NOTAMs is conducted before each flight.
    Have documentation of any AMOC that allows the AD/NOTAM to be disregarded.
    Utilize dispatch to carefully screen what limits are in place for the airports and alternates, including
        Weather and forecasts and
        Fuel load and contingency plans for diversion and ATC flow control actions.
    Be especially aware of any anomalies during operations below 5,000 feet AGL.
    Follow any guidance provided by your airline and, in the case of conflicting guidance, follow the airline procedures.

Report Radar Altimeter Anomalies

If a radar altimeter anomaly is seen in operations:

    Report issues immediately to ATC.
    Report any issues or experiences via ASAP/SMS after the flight is complete.
    Also, after flight completion, submit a radar altimeter anomaly report:
        US pilots are requested to file an FAA anomaly report.
        Canadian pilots are also requested to report any anomalies to Transport Canada. The form requires input from both the Pilot-In-Command and the airline operator. Fill out Parts 1 and 3 of this form, then submit to your airline using the process established by the airline. In the event that a company does not have a process set up to fill out Part 2 of this form, ALPA recommends that pilots send the partial report to Transport Canada to the e-mail address at the bottom of the form.
    ALPA would also appreciate a DART report on the radar altimeter anomaly. Find DART on the ALPA app or at dart.alpa.org.

Canadian Operations

Canadian Aviation Regulation 605.84 already requires US-type-certificated aircraft registered in Canada to comply with US ADs when operating in the US.  Transport Canada has additionally issued Canadian Airworthiness Directive CF-2021-52 extending this requirement to all Canadian-registered aircraft that fly in the US, and Canadian members are therefore also prohibited from performing the operations listed above on this page when the appropriate NOTAMs are in effect.

Canada has also approved 5G in the C-Band but with restrictions against using C-Band in the vicinity of 26 airports and other measures to ensure aviation safety. Canada is not expected to start 5G service in the C-Band until June 2022 and will initially operate in a lower frequency band (3.45-3.65 GHz). Service in the same frequencies as the United States will start no earlier than 2023.