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Static routing is a simple and manually configured method of routing in computer networks. In static routing, network administrators manually define the paths (routes) that data packets should take to reach specific destination networks or IP addresses. Unlike dynamic routing, where routers exchange routing information and dynamically update routing tables, static routing involves static entries in the routing table that do not change unless manually updated by administrators. Here's an introduction to static routing and how it works:

1. **Basic Concept**:
   - In static routing, administrators manually configure routing tables on routers by specifying static routes.
   - A static route consists of a destination network or IP address and the next-hop router or exit interface that should be used to reach that destination.
   - Static routes remain unchanged unless manually added, modified, or removed by administrators.

2. **Use Cases**:
   - Static routing is often used in small networks with simple topologies, where network changes are infrequent or predictable.
   - It may be used for specific purposes such as routing traffic to a default gateway, connecting isolated networks, or implementing policy-based routing.

3. **Configuration**:
   - To configure static routes, network administrators log in to routers and use the router's command-line interface (CLI) or graphical user interface (GUI) to enter static route commands.
   - Static routes can be configured by specifying the destination network or IP address and the next-hop router's IP address or the exit interface.
   - For example, the command to add a static route on a Cisco router might be:
     ```
     ip route <destination_network> <subnet_mask> <next_hop_ip_address>
     ```
   - Administrators can also configure a default route (0.0.0.0/0) to specify the default gateway for traffic that does not match any specific static routes.

4. **Advantages**:
   - Simple and easy to configure: Static routing does not require complex protocols or dynamic updates, making it straightforward to implement.
   - Predictable and deterministic: Static routes remain fixed unless manually changed, providing stability and predictability in network behavior.

5. **Disadvantages**:
   - Limited scalability: Static routing does not scale well in large or dynamic networks with frequently changing topologies, as administrators must manually manage and update routes.
   - Lack of flexibility: Static routes cannot adapt to network changes automatically, requiring manual intervention to update routing tables.
   - Maintenance overhead: Administrators must maintain accurate and up-to-date static route configurations, which can become cumbersome in larger networks.

In summary, static routing is a simple and manually configured method of routing in computer networks. While it offers simplicity and predictability, it may not be suitable for large or dynamic networks due to its limited scalability and lack of automation. Static routing is best suited for small networks with simple topologies or for specific use cases where dynamic routing protocols are not required.