Muftasoft TM

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Certainly! Here are some hands-on subnetting exercises along with their solutions:

**Exercise 1: Subnetting a Network**

Given the network address 192.168.10.0/24, subnet it into smaller subnets with the following requirements:
- Subnet 1: 4 subnets with at least 10 hosts each
- Subnet 2: 2 subnets with at least 25 hosts each
- Subnet 3: 1 subnet with at least 50 hosts

**Solution:**

1. Subnet 1:
   - Required hosts per subnet: 10 (minimum)
   - Subnet mask length: \(32 - \text{number of bits for hosts}\)
   - \(2^{n} \geq \text{required hosts} + 2\) (to account for network address and broadcast address)
   - \(2^{n} \geq 10 + 2\)
   - \(2^{n} \geq 12\)
   - \(n = 4\) (minimum number of bits required)
   - Subnet mask length: /28

2. Subnet 2:
   - Required hosts per subnet: 25 (minimum)
   - \(2^{n} \geq \text{required hosts} + 2\)
   - \(2^{n} \geq 25 + 2\)
   - \(2^{n} \geq 27\)
   - \(n = 5\) (minimum number of bits required)
   - Subnet mask length: /27

3. Subnet 3:
   - Required hosts per subnet: 50 (minimum)
   - \(2^{n} \geq \text{required hosts} + 2\)
   - \(2^{n} \geq 50 + 2\)
   - \(2^{n} \geq 52\)
   - \(n = 6\) (minimum number of bits required)
   - Subnet mask length: /26

**Exercise 2: Valid Host Ranges**

For Subnet 1 (from Exercise 1), calculate the valid host range.

**Solution:**

- Subnet 1 has a subnet address of 192.168.10.0 and a broadcast address of 192.168.10.15 (based on the subnet mask /28).
- Valid host range: 192.168.10.1 to 192.168.10.14

**Exercise 3: Number of Subnets**

Given the network address 10.10.0.0/16, subnet it to accommodate at least 5 subnets, each with 50 hosts.

**Solution:**

1. Calculate the number of bits needed for the subnet portion:
   - \(2^{n} \geq 5\)
   - \(n = 3\) (minimum number of bits required)
   - Subnet mask length: /19

2. Calculate the number of bits available for hosts:
   - \(32 - 19 = 13\) bits available

3. Calculate the number of hosts per subnet:
   - \(2^{13} - 2 = 8190\) (accounting for network address and broadcast address)

Thus, subnetting the network address 10.10.0.0/16 into /19 subnets would provide at least 5 subnets, each with 8190 hosts.

These exercises provide practical experience in subnetting networks, calculating subnet masks, determining valid host ranges, and designing subnets to meet specific requirements. You can practice more exercises using different network addresses and subnetting requirements to improve your subnetting skills.