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Fog computing is a decentralized computing infrastructure that extends cloud computing capabilities to the edge of the network. It aims to address the limitations of cloud computing by bringing computation, storage, and networking closer to the data source and end-users.

In fog computing, data processing and storage are distributed across multiple devices, such as routers, switches, gateways, and even end-user devices, which are located at the network edge. By doing so, fog computing reduces latency, enhances real-time data processing, conserves network bandwidth, and improves overall system efficiency.

Here are some key features and benefits of fog computing:

1. Proximity to data sources: Fog computing brings computing resources closer to where data is generated or consumed. This proximity reduces latency and enables faster response times, which is crucial for applications that require real-time data processing, such as industrial IoT, autonomous vehicles, and smart cities.

2. Scalability: Fog computing allows for the distribution of computing resources across a large number of edge devices. This distributed architecture enables horizontal scalability and can handle a significant amount of data and processing requirements.

3. Bandwidth efficiency: By performing data processing and analysis at the network edge, fog computing reduces the need to transfer large amounts of raw data to the cloud. Only the relevant data or processed results are sent to the cloud, reducing network congestion and optimizing bandwidth utilization.

4. Resilience: Fog computing provides resilience to network outages or intermittent connectivity. Since computation happens at the edge, even if the connection to the cloud is disrupted, local devices can continue to operate and process data.

5. Privacy and security: Fog computing allows sensitive data to be processed locally, without sending it to the cloud. This helps address privacy concerns and ensures that critical data remains within the local network, reducing the exposure to potential security risks associated with transmitting data over the internet.

Fog computing has a wide range of applications, including industrial automation, healthcare, transportation, smart grids, and smart homes. It complements cloud computing by extending its capabilities to the edge, enabling a more distributed and efficient computing infrastructure.