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--- products:ict:linux:course1 [2023/05/05 21:43] – wikiadmin
+++ products:ict:linux:course1 [2023/08/27 16:52] (current) – wikiadmin
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+====== Linux Beginning User ======
+Getting a techie to buy and install the system for you.
+Turning on the computer.
+Logging in.
+The desktop
 ====== Starting Linux ======
@@ Line 8: / Line 25: @@
 Developed under the GNU General Public License,the source code for Linux is freely available to everyone.
+Linux Basics and System Startup
+Graphical Interface
-[[restricted-area-for-courses:linux:what_is_linux|]].
+System Configuration from the Graphical Interface
-What is Virtual Box?
+Common Applications
-[[restricted-area-for-courses:linux:virtual_box|]]
+Command Line Operations
+Finding Linux Documentation
+Processes
+File Operations
+Text Editors
+User Environment
+Manipulating Text
+Network Operations
+The Bash Shell and Basic Scripting
+Printing
+Detecting a printer automatically.
+LPR
+CUPS
+What is GNU and FOSS
+Local Security Principles
+What is Virtual Box?
 Oracle Virtual Box Installation
@@ Line 147: / Line 200: @@
-Course Duration: 10 Hour's.
-Course Fee: Rs.1,000/=
-Home
-Linux Course
+Practical PGP: What you need to know to use PGP effectively
-[[training:the-training-company-courses|The Training Company Courses Terms and Facilities]]
+This introductory tutorial is aimed at people who have never used PGP
+or GPG before.  It will cover creating a key, what a key really is,
+signing documents, signing keys, interacting with keyservers, key
+management, the Web Of Trust and more.  It may even cover encrypting
+stuff.  This tutorial will be `hands-on' with many practical exercises.
+It will not cover the mathematical basis for public-key cryptography nor
+any in-depth discussion of the arcana, though pointers will be provided
+for those interested in learning more.
+The tutorial will be followed by a key signing party at our next OCLUG
+monthly meeting, on Tuesday May 6th.  Our goal is to get more OCLUG
+members, and the general public, to start signing and encrypting their
+email.
+Some links to get you started:
-[[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL26BD7D3D83186224|Linux System Administration]]
+GNU Privacy Guard
+http://www.gnupg.org/
+Gnu Privacy Guard (GnuPG) Mini Howto
+http://webber.dewinter.com/gnupg_howto/english/GPGMiniHowto.html
-----
+ - Linux commands, part II           - SSH (port forwarding, etc.)
+ - Shell scripting                   - System administration
+ - Clusters (beowulf, numa, etc)     - expect
+ - make                              - cvs
+ - autoconf                          - X Windows, xdm
+ - KDE                               - GNOME
+ - Comparison of Linux distros       - Kernel modules
+ - Making RPM and/or Deb packages    - Programming tutorials
+ - Working with XML and XSLT.        - Working with DocBook XML
+ - Tomcat/Jakarta
+Linux Course
+[[training:the-training-company-courses|The Training Company Courses Terms and Facilities]]
+[[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL26BD7D3D83186224|Linux System Administration]]
-Currently the courses are offered on an hourly basis.
-Students can email in the list of topics they wish to study along with the number of hours they wish to spend on each topic.
-The charges for all Linux courses are Rs 100 per hour per student.
+----
- Send list of topics and hours.
- Home
 Distributions
@@ Line 257: / Line 324: @@
 [[http://chenweixiang.github.io/2018/05/06/grub.html|GRUB: GRand Unified Bootloader]]
@@ Line 1203: / Line 1266: @@
+What is Linux?
+[[restricted-area-for-courses:linux:what_is_linux|]].
+What is Virtual Box?
+[[restricted-area-for-courses:linux:virtual_box|]]
+Oracle Virtual Box Installation
+Creating Virtual Machine
+Linux Distributions
+Linux CentOS7 Installation (Recommended)
+Linux CentOS8 Installation (Optional)
+Download and Install Putty
+Connect Linux VM through Putty
+Changing Password
+Introduction to File System and Structure
+File System Navigation Commands
+Directory Listing Overview
+Creating Files and Directories
+Pipes
+File Permissions
+File Ownership Commands
+Adding Text to Files
+Help Commands
+File Maintenance Commands (cp, rm, mv, mkdir, rmdir)
+File Display Commands (cat, less, more, head, tail, vi)
+Filters / Text Processing Commands
+Finding System Information
+Linux File Editor (vi)
+User Account Management
+Switch Users and Sudo Access (su, sudo)
+System Utility Commands
+Processes and Schedules
+System Maintenance Commands
+System Monitoring Commands
+Shell Scripting
+Basic Shell Scripts
+History Command (history)
+Enabling Internet in Linux VM
+Network Files and Commands
+System Updates and Repositories (rpm and yum)
+Linux is a free Unix-type operating system originally created by Linus Torvalds with the assistance of developers around the world.Linux is an independent POSIX implementation and includes true multitasking,virtual memory, shared libraries, demand loading, proper memory management, TCP/IP networking, and other features consistent with Unix-type systems.
+Developed under the GNU General Public License,the source code for Linux is freely available to everyone.
+ATRC offers three different types of LINUX Courses:-
+_LINUX Introduction & Usage:
+The contents of the course are as follows:
+Introduction and History.
+XWindows.
+Applixware for Office.
+Netscape Communicator.
+IRC.
+Course Duration: 10 Hour's.
+Course Fee: Rs.1,000/=
+_LINUX Administrxation:
+The contents of the course are as follows:
+Introduction and History.
+XWindows Setup.
+Dial-up Networking.
+Ethernet Networking.
+TCP/IP.
+Windows Networking(SMB).
+Send Mail(Mail Server).
+Appachi Web Server.
+Applixware for Office.
+DNS Server.
+NFS File System.
+Soundcard Configuration.
+Course Duration: 40 Hour's.
+Course Fee: Rs.5,000/=
+_LINUX Hardware Support:
+The contents of the course are as follows:
+Introduction and History.
+Detailed XWindows Setup.
+Dial-up Networking.
+Ethernet Networking.
+Sondcard Installation.
+Modem Installation.
+Hardware Compatibility Issues.
+Course Duration: 10 Hour's.
+Course Fee: Rs.1,000/=
+Home
+Linux Course
+[[training:the-training-company-courses|The Training Company Courses Terms and Facilities]]
+[[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL26BD7D3D83186224|Linux System Administration]]
+----
+Currently the courses are offered on an hourly basis.
+Students can email in the list of topics they wish to study along with the number of hours they wish to spend on each topic.
+The charges for all Linux courses are Rs 100 per hour per student.
+ Send list of topics and hours.
+ Home
+Distributions
+Unix and Linux differnces
+GPL Licencing
+Linux Directory Structure
+Basic Commands
+Commands list for Assignment
+Shell Programming
+User Accounts and File Permissions
+Internet Services and Process Management?
+Installing Softwares and Networking
+PostgreSQL Database?
+Cron Scheduling and DNS Servers?
+Detailed Installation and Trouble Shooting
+References :
+Rute Book http://rute.2038bug.com/index.html.gz
+The Linux Documentation Project http://tldp.org/
+====== System Startup and Shutdown ======
+This module explains how to manage startup and shutdown processes in Linux.
+Understanding the Boot Sequence
+[[https://opensource.com/article/17/2/linux-boot-and-startup|
+An introduction to the Linux boot and startup processes]]
+[[https://www.thegeekstuff.com/2011/02/linux-boot-process/|6 Stages of Linux Boot Process (Startup Sequence)]]
+[[https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/the-linux-booting-process-6-steps-described-in-detail/|The Linux Booting Process - 6 Steps Described in Detail]]
+[[https://www.slashroot.in/linux-booting-process-step-step-tutorial-understanding-linux-boot-sequence|Linux Booting Process: A step by step tutorial for understanding Linux boot sequence]]
+The Grand Unified Boot Loader
+[[https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/|GNU GRUB]]
+[[https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/GRUB-GRand-Unified-Bootloader|GRUB (GRand Unified Bootloader)]]
+[[https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/linux-in-a/0596004826/ch04s03.html|GRUB: The Grand Unified Bootloader]]
+[[https://linux.togaware.com/survivor/GRUB_Grand.html|GRUB: The Grand Unified Boot Loader]]
+[[https://www.omnisecu.com/gnu-linux/redhat-certified-engineer-rhce/grub-grand-unified-boot-loader.php|
+GRUB, GNU GRand Unified Boot Loader]]
+[[https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E26502_01/html/E28983/grubadmin-1.html|x86: Administering the GRand Unified Bootloader (Tasks)]]
+[[https://github.com/coreos/grub| coreos /
+grub ]]
+[[http://chenweixiang.github.io/2018/05/06/grub.html|GRUB: GRand Unified Bootloader]]
+GRUB Configuration Files
+System Configuration Files in /etc
+[[https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/FHS_3.0/fhs/ch03s07.html|3.7. /etc : Host-specific system configuration]]
+[[https://www.linuxtopia.org/online_books/introduction_to_linux/linux_The_most_important_configuration_files.html|3.2.4. The most important configuration files]]
+[[https://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Filesystem-Hierarchy/html/etc.html|1.6. /etc]]
+[[https://www.tldp.org/LDP/sag/html/etc-fs.html|3.3. The /etc directory]]
+[[https://developer.ibm.com/technologies/linux/articles/l-config/|Understanding Linux configuration files]]
+[[https://www.pks.mpg.de/~mueller/docs/suse10.1/suselinux-manual_en/manual/sec.boot.sysconfig.html|8.3. System Configuration via /etc/sysconfig]]
+[[https://how-to.fandom.com/wiki/Guide_to_linux_configuration_files| Guide to linux configuration files ]]
+The init Process
+[[https://www.pks.mpg.de/~mueller/docs/suse10.2/html/opensuse-manual_en/manual/sec.boot.init.html|Chapter 13. Booting and Configuring a Linux System / 13.2. The init Process]]
+[[https://www.tutorialspoint.com/init-process-on-unix-and-linux-systems|Init process on UNIX and Linux systems]]
+[[https://www.linode.com/community/questions/18616/what-is-the-init-process|What is the init process?]]
+SysVinit Startup
+[[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/SysVinit|SysVinit]]
+[[https://www.tecmint.com/linux-boot-process-and-manage-services/|LFCS: Managing System Startup Process and Services (SysVinit, Systemd and Upstart) – Part 7]]
+[[https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Sysvinit|sysvinit]]
+chkconfig and service
+[[https://www.thegeekdiary.com/how-to-enable-or-disable-service-on-boot-with-chkconfig/|How to enable or disable service on boot with chkconfig]]
+Upstart
+[[http://upstart.ubuntu.com/| Upstart is an event-based replacement for the /sbin/init daemon which handles starting of tasks and services during boot, stopping them during shutdown and supervising them while the system is running.]]
+systemd
+[[https://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/|systemd System and Service Manager]]
+Shutting down/Rebooting the System
+[[http://tldp.org/LDP/GNU-Linux-Tools-Summary/html/x5152.htm|Shutting Down/Rebooting the System]]
+**Practicals**
+Boot into non-graphical mode using GRUB
+Add a new startup service with System V
+Add a new startup services with system
+Run Shutdown vs. Halt vs. Reboot
+====== Linux Filetree System Layout ======
+This module explains how the Linux Filesystem is organized and points out the key directories and their roles.
+Data Distinctions
+[[https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/FHS_3.0/fhs/ch02.html|Chapter 2. The Filesystem]]
+FHS Linux Standard Directory Tree
+[[https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/FHS_3.0/fhs-3.0.pdf|Filesystem Hierarchy Standard]]
+root (/) directory
+/bin
+/dev
+/etc
+/home
+/lib and /lib64
+/media
+/mnt
+/opt
+/proc
+/sys
+/root
+/sbin
+/tmp
+/usr
+/var
+/run
+**Practicals**
+Change size of the default directories
+Touring the /proc Filesystem
+===== Kernel Services and Configuration =====
+This module explains how the Linux Kernel is configured, how the modules and utilities work, the function of sysctl and udev and Device Management.
+Kernel Overview
+Kernel Configuration
+sysctl
+Kernel Modules
+Module Utilities
+Module Configuration
+udev and Device Management
+**Practicals**
+Manipulating system tunables with sysctl.
+Changing the maximum process ID.
+Working with Kernel modules.
+Working with udev
+Partitioning and Formatting Disks
+This module explains how to work with disks in Linux by naming, partitioning and sizing them.
+Common Disk Types
+Disk Geometry
+Partitioning
+Naming Disk Devices
+Sizing up partitions
+Partition table editors
+**Practicals**
+Using a file as a disk partition image
+Partioning a Disk Image file
+Using losetup and parted
+Partitioning a real hard disk
+Linux Filesystems
+This module explains how to work with Linux Filesystems, starting with the understanding that Linux treats everything as a file. IT covers Virtual filesystem (VFS), Filesystem Usage and Attributes, Major types (ext4, XFS, btrfs) and how to create, format, mount, swap and repair Filesystems.
+Some Notes About Filesystems
+Virtual Filesystem (VFS)
+Filesystem Concepts
+Disk and Filesystem Usage
+Extended Attributes
+ext4
+XFS
+[[https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/7/html/storage_administration_guide/ch-xfs|
+Chapter 3. The XFS File System]]
+btrfs
+Creating and formatting filesystems
+Checking and Repairing Filesystems
+Mounting filesystems
+Swap
+Filesystem Quotas
+Lab : Chapter Labs
+Defragmenting a system.
+Modifying Filesystem parameters using tune2fs.
+Working with file attributes.
+Mounting options.
+Managing swap space.
+Filesystem quotas.
+Working with XFS
+Working with btrfs
+===== RAID and LVM =====
+This module explains how to work with RAID and Logical Volume Management (LVM).
+RAID
+RAID Levels
+Software RAID Configuration
+Logical Volume Management (LVM)
+Volumes and Volume Groups
+Working with Logical Volumes
+Resizing Logical Volumes
+LVM Snapshots
+[[https://www.thomas-krenn.com/en/wiki/LVM_Snapshots_Information|LVM Snapshots Information]]
+[[https://www.tecmint.com/take-snapshot-of-logical-volume-and-restore-in-lvm/|How to Take ‘Snapshot of Logical Volume and Restore’ in LVM – Part III]]
+[[https://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/snapshots_backup.html|13.4. Taking a Backup Using Snapshots]]
+Lab : Chapter Labs
+Creating a RAID device
+Creating Logical Volumes
+Processes
+This module explains how to work with Linux processes. It begins with an overview of what processes are and how they work before procreding to illustrate how to create, monitor, prioritize and limit processes.
+Programs and Processes
+Process States
+Execution Modes
+Daemons
+Creating Processes
+Process Limits
+Process Monitoring
+Signals
+niceness
+Libraries
+**Practicals**
+Controlling processes with ulimit
+Using ps and top
+Monitoring process states
+Examining signal priorities and execution
+===== Package Management Systems =====
+This module explains how to work with the major package management systems used in Linux distributions. Covers both RPM and DKPG as well as the use of version control systems such as git.
+Software Packaging Concepts
+RPM (Red Hat Package Manager)
+DPKG (Debian Package)
+Revision Control Systems
+Lab : Chapter Labs
+Using RPM
+Rebuilding the RPM database
+Using DKPG
+Version control with git
+===== Package Installers =====
+This module explains how to use the major package installers, including yum, zypper and APT. It also explains the role that package installers play in automating software management and dealing with dependencies.
+Package Installers
+yum
+zypper
+[[https://en.opensuse.org/Portal:Zypper| Portal:Zypper ]]
+[[https://en.opensuse.org/images/1/17/Zypper-cheat-sheet-1.pdf|Zypper Cheat Sheet]]
+[[https://www.thegeekstuff.com/2015/04/zypper-examples/|20 Zypper Command Examples to Manage Packages on SUSE Linux]]
+[[https://www.tecmint.com/zypper-commands-to-manage-suse-linux-package-management/|45 Zypper Commands to Manage ‘Suse’ Linux Package Management]]
+APT
+Lab : Chapter Labs
+Basic yum commands
+Using yum to find information about a package
+Managing groups of packages with yum
+Adding a new yum repository
+Basic zypper commands
+Using zypper to find information about a package
+Basic APT commands
+Using APT to find information about a package
+Managing groups of packages using APT
+User and Group Account Management
+This module explains how to work with users and groups in Linux. It also covers how to work with passwords, restricted shells, the root account, Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM), LDAP and SSH.
+User Accounts
+Management
+Passwords
+Restricted Shells and Accounts
+[[https://www.techrepublic.com/article/how-to-use-restricted-shell-to-limit-user-access-to-a-linux-system/|
+How to use Restricted Shell to limit user access to a Linux system]]
+[[https://www.usenix.org/system/files/login/articles/105516-Schaumann.pdf|Of Headless User Accounts and Restricted Shells]]
+[[https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/The-Restricted-Shell.html|6.10 The Restricted Shell]]
+The root Account
+Group Management
+PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules)
+Authentication Process
+Configuring PAM
+LDAP Authentication
+File Permissions and Ownership
+SSH
+Lab : Chapter Labs
+Working with user accounts
+Working with groups
+Configuring PAM
+Using chmod
+Backup and Recovery Methods
+This module explains how to backup data in Linux. It covers the tools that are used for backup and compression as well as for moving and copying files and also for restoring files.
+Backup Basics
+cpio
+tar
+Compression: gzip, bzip2 and xz and Backups
+dd
+rsync
+dump and restore
+mt
+Backup Programs
+Lab : Chapter Labs
+Using tar for backup
+Using cpio for backup
+Using rsync for backup
+Networking
+This module explains how to conduct basic networking in Linux. It covers IP addresses, Hostnames, Network Interfaces, Routing and Name Resolution.
+IP Addresses
+Hostnames
+Configuring Network Interfaces
+Routing
+Name Resolution
+Network Diagnostics
+Lab : Chapter Labs
+Static configuration of a network interface
+Adding a static hostname
+Adding a network interface alias
+Firewalls
+This module explains how to work with firewalls in Linux. It covers both command line tools and GUI tools as well as firewalld. Zones and source management are discussed, as is service and port management.
+Firewalls
+Interfaces
+firewalld
+Zones
+Source Management
+Service and Port Management
+Lab : Chapter Labs
+Installing firewalld
+Examining firewall-cmd
+Adding services to a zone
+Using the firewall GUI
+Local System Security
+This module explains how to secure systems against both internal and external threats. It covers how to identify risks and provides guidance on how to decide what protection is appropriate. Finally, it covers the basic types of security available (physical, filesystem, and security modules e.g. SELinux).
+Local System Security
+Creating a Security Policy
+Updates and Security
+Physical Security
+Filesystem Security
+Linux Security Modules
+Lab : Chapter Labs
+Using SELinux
+Security and mount options
+Using umask
+Usint setuid and scripts
+Basic Troubleshoot and System Rescue
+This module explains how to conduct troubleshooting in Linux as well as likely sources of issues. It covers basic concepts in system rescue and recovery and how to identify corrupted filesystems.
+Troubleshooting Overview
+Things to Check: Networking
+Boot Process Failures
+Filesystem Corruption and Recovery
+Virtual Consoles
+Rescue Media and Troubleshooting
+System Rescue and Recovery
+Lab : Chapter Labs
+Preparing to use Rescue/Recover media
+Recovering from a corrupted GRUB configuration
+Recovering from a password failure
+Recovering from partition table corruption
+Recovering using the install image