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SONET/SDH Basics, Devices, Structure, Operation, Frame, Network and Applications
SONET stands for Synchronous Optical Networking. It's a standard for transmitting digital information over optical fiber networks. SONET provides a set of standards for synchronous data transmission over fiber optic networks, primarily for telecommunications companies. It offers high-speed, high-bandwidth communication channels, typically used for long-distance telecommunication and data networking.
SONET networks operate at speeds ranging from 51.84 Mbps (OC-1) up to 40 Gbps (OC-768). The standardization of SONET allows for interoperability between different vendors' equipment and facilitates the integration of various network technologies. SONET has been widely adopted in telecommunications networks worldwide due to its reliability, scalability, and efficiency in transporting large volumes of data over long distances.
The table below outlines the data rates for various SONET signals, including OC (Optical Carrier), STS (Synchronous Transport Signal), and STM (Synchronous Transport Module):
| SONET Signal | Data Rate (Mbps) |
|---|---|
| OC-1 | 51.84 |
| OC-3 | 155.52 |
| OC-12 | 622.08 |
| OC-24 | 1244.16 |
| OC-48 | 2488.32 |
| OC-192 | 9953.28 |
| OC-768 | 39,813.12 |
| STS-1 | 51.84 |
| STS-3 | 155.52 |
| STS-12 | 622.08 |
| STS-24 | 1244.16 |
| STS-48 | 2488.32 |
| STS-192 | 9953.28 |
| STM-1 | 155.52 |
| STM-4 | 622.08 |
| STM-16 | 2488.32 |
| STM-64 | 9953.28 |
These data rates are commonly used in telecommunications for transmitting digital information over optical fiber networks according to the SONET standard.