====== Numeric data types include `int`, `float`, and `complex`. ======
 

1. **int**: Integers are whole numbers, positive or negative, without any decimal point. For example, `5`, `-3`, `1000`, etc. Integers have unlimited precision in Python 3.


x = 5

y = -10


2. **float**: Floats represent real numbers and are written with a decimal point dividing the integer and fractional parts. For example, `3.14`, `2.71828`, `-0.5`, etc.


pi = 3.14

euler = 2.71828


3. **complex**: Complex numbers are specified as `<real_part>+<imaginary_part>j`, where `j` represents the square root of -1 (also known as the imaginary unit). For example, `3 + 4j`, `-2.5 - 1j`, etc.


z = 3 + 4j

w = -2.5 - 1j


Python provides built-in functions to convert between these numeric types:

- `int()`: Converts a number or string to an integer.
- `float()`: Converts a number or string to a floating-point number.
- `complex()`: Converts a number or string to a complex number.

 
x = int(5.7)   # x would be 5

y = float("3.14")  # y would be 3.14

z = complex(2, -3) # z would be 2 - 3j


These data types can be used in arithmetic operations and mathematical functions according to their respective properties.